Notes of a Hunter Review Essay Example

Notes of a Hunter Review Paper Paper on Notes of a Hunter Goodbye, youthful peruser. . Great night veterans of the writing Today, Ill converse with you about crafted by the cherished and adored me an essayist - . Turgenev I don't think about you, yet I was somewhat stunned when he initially read the works klascikov not from the educational plan. It was quite a while back, however I despite everything recall the inclination. I think you, as well, have encountered comparable. This feeling like happiness pervookryvatelya. They state that is it, that he was searching for my entire life and what was cheering grains. It is troublesome words to portray the pleasure of reasoning hurricane, however now, as I compose these lines, I can not expressive all I need to state:) We will compose a custom paper test on Notes of a Hunter Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Notes of a Hunter Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Notes of a Hunter Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Turgenev virtuoso. Let it simpler than Chekhov, Im almost certain that the last undeveloped peruser won't comprehend in the event that you don't peruse the first. Turgenev sets short stories without starting or end. All things considered, his characters, similar to Chekhov, live their lives. They lived it before as an author depicted them and kept on living after completed the last story line. I can not predstvait acknowledge how solid it is important to have creative mind as an amazing and infiltrating mind, what amount ought to be build up the capacity to see, which would compose something like this! Present day essayists by one way or another need to hit the peruser. Or then again shock him. Maybe this is the importance of business writing .. Yet, presently isn't about that. I energetically suggest perusing this book and the entirety of Turgenev, as this is only my preferred kind of writing, which doesn't pop your throat bit information, and makes you think and think. Manufactures of you Homo Sapiens. Coincidentally, for reasons unknown, the whole pattern of my most significant story Death. Extremely unobtrusive. Astute. Tragic. Barbarous and sad. Peruse this book. Put aside everything and read. regardless of whether read. Regardless of whether before you new govnotvorene Lukyanenko, which you will surely need to talk about with your companions. Put aside everything and re-read this book once more, regardless of whether you read it. It tends to be perused an endless number of times. Furthermore, regardless of whether you won't have the option to boast to your companions with its novel abstract taste, if not have the option to for some time to state Oh, I was given the regard of the writer here, is exceptionally well known in France, and all of you the steers, even his name don't have the foggiest idea - still read Turgenev The incredible book.. The best author. Everything.

Is Chivalry Dead

Is Chivalry Dead?! What's your opinion of when you hear the word â€Å"chivalry†? I can’t represent everybody except I know a large portion of us, when we hear or consider the word â€Å"chivalry,† consequently we picture pictures of such figures as the incredible King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table, Prince Charming, Gawain and The Green Knight, mansions, and pictures of vigorously defensive layer knights sparing princess or the banality ic â€Å"damsels in distress†. Despite the fact that fantasies and fantasies represent this image of valor, this in reality is a consequence of what the world has come to mean.Originally, the word â€Å"chivalry† had an alternate significance. During the medieval times, the people who lived during this time use gallantry as a â€Å"code of conduct†. This â€Å"code of conduct† was set up help the general public become better by sorting out it. Individuals who lived during the Middle Ages bol stered the â€Å"code of conduct† in light of the fact that they felt it might help control the country and assist it with increasing more force. With any general public, if mayhem emerges something is instituted for it to be demolished.For model, laws are made to give a general public some sort of request. In this manner, gallantry was made to control a general public. â€Å"Chivalry wasn’t just to direct the disruption inside a general public yet it likewise gave people at the sort of the social stepping stool to be seen with high regard, especially knight†. All together for a knight to become well known or be perceived as good, he needed to follow the conduct code of chivalry.In current society, one may theorize if gallantry has impact others from over the globe. In spite of the fact that it really safe to state that in our general public, valor has not completely sway us as a general public, neither socially or socially. Along these lines giving truth to the colloquialism that valor is dead. In medieval occasions, power in Europe was scattered to the individuals of chain of command. The individuals of extraordinary honorability, for example, the lord, had control of individuals who were seen as sub-par, for example, the peasants.The most punctual path for the nobles to secure themselves and land is through feudalism. Feudalism is a social framework dependent on a progression which comprises of social, political, and monetary frameworks. The reason for the feudalism framework was to allow the nobles to have control over grounds and individuals. â€Å"This control would be fruitful to the point that it would give a path to the ruler to give knights things, for example, gold or land in return for their dedication and administration to the kingdom†. This was the bases for the â€Å"code of direct. †

Favorite Clothes of a Minimalist

Favorite Clothes of a Minimalist “Look at all those fancy clothes, but these gonna keep us warm just like those.” â€"Jack Johnson What does a minimalist wear? I’m surprised I get this question as often as I doâ€"as if people expect to see me walking around in a loinclothâ€"but, given the many misconceptions surrounding minimalism, it’s a valid question. Simply, a minimalist wears their favorite clothes every day. Most days I wear jeans, a teeshirt, and a pair of boots. Or, when I feel like it, I wear a crisp white button-up shirt, jeans, a blazer, colorful socks, and a clean pair of dress shoes. (I avoid logos because I refuse to be a walking billboard.) I don’t have many clothes now, and I still go to the Goodwill a few times a month to donate an item or two (if I’m not wearing it anymore, it gets donated), but I thoroughly enjoy the clothes I own. I don’t, however, give sentimental meaning to my clothes. If all my clothes burned in a house fire tomorrow, it wouldn’t be a big deal to me. “What about those shoes you’re in today? They’ll do no good on the bridges you burnt along the way.” â€"Jack Johnson Read this essay and 150 others in our new book, Essential.

In This Class I Have Learned That Sociology Is Everywhere.

In this class I have learned that sociology is everywhere. I got a better understanding of how our life chances and shape by social structure and how it could have affected our self and society. We get understand where the people come from and understanding of behaviors and struggles of other people. We all watch movies right? Well in the movies they also replicate and show the understand of sociology even the movies that are base on true story. I watched two different movies such as â€Å"Stand and Deliver† and â€Å"The Color People,† that demonstrated the sociology perspectives that I have learned. The movies are good way to manifest learning and teach us how the world views characters in their movies and understand values. I learn there are†¦show more content†¦Stand and Deliver can even been seen as an example of functionalism, â€Å"a group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its member in opposition to the broador culture†( ). Also in the film women of the Hispanic race are portrayed to drop out of school because in the Hispanic culture woman are expected to stay home, be homemaker and care for the children. Parents also are a factor in Hispanic culture that they question are motives to have an education. That men didn’t like women that are smarter and of course independent. This factors are betray in the movie, and also in real life is the Hispanic culture. Through out the movie you see difficulties that the students are trying to finally fit to be part of the system but they still may not be accepted because of their classes. With low achieving school, have a suspicious amount of high test scores the reliability and dependability are questioned. Conflict theory is used that the struggle in society and schools between the haves and have nots. For example, not funding for computer, not having computers, no air conditioning for summer and less opportunities for students in ge neral. The school is portrayed as a place where students do not want to be or care about being in school. The staff don’t care about the students especially they gave up on them. There is a quote that I got from the movie, that Mr. Escalante was asking the math department for calculusShow MoreRelatedSociology : Social Relationship, Development And Function Of Human Society986 Words   |  4 PagesSociology is the study of social relationship, development and function of human society. Throughout the course of sociology you can lean many things about your society and even your self. Sociology will change the way you look at life and might be able to reflect on future designs or ideas. When enrolling in sociology you will be able to have a set of skills to see sociology, have the knowledge of sociology, and have values of sociology. By having skills, knowledge, and values you will be able understandRead MoreSociology in Everyday Life Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesSociology i n Every Life One central and important study of sociology is the study of everyday social life. Everyday life and sociology are definitely two distinct terms and situations, but they hold a close relationship. While sociology studies human interaction, everyday life consists of everyday human interaction. Everyday life is filled by human beings interacting with one another, institutions, ideas, and emotions. Sociology studies the interactions with all of these and shows how mere interactionRead MoreMy Calling1181 Words   |  5 Pagesothers has lead me into an education concentrating on Human Services, Psychology, and Criminal Justice. When I started attending school, I hadn’t narrowed down what field I really wanted to focus on. 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Not only with black people also immigrants, until we don’t apply what Martin Luther King said in his speech at the Lincoln Memorial on August 28, 1 963 he said, â€Å"When we let freedomRead MoreMy Sage Process, And The Lgbt Community, Mental Health Issues, Treatment Options1282 Words   |  6 Pagesthe main interactions that I have had with elders have been with my grandparents. When thinking about it, I still have had limited interactions with elders as of recently because I have not been talking to my grandparents as often as I should. Through taking this course, I have kept my grandparents in the back of my mind as learning the different aspects of things that elders encounter on a daily basis. The readings, guest speakers, class discussions, and lectures have helped me to accumulate theRead MoreThe World s Population No Matter1408 Words   |  6 Pageswhat the other person is thinking. 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The Honest to Goodness Truth on Sociological Issues

The Honest to Goodness Truth on Sociological Issues The Hidden Truth About Sociological Issues If there is absolutely no method of changing what's happening, it isn't a social matter. You're building a photo of a social issue, and you want to bring up every potential side of the story. Similar issues with racism can be viewed in the streams of distinct games. Throughout the life program, there are social problems connected with distinct ages. In a relationship, two people from other families live together and it's not as straightforward as it sounds. It is crucial to understand that not all things that take place in society are raised to the amount of social issues. Among the critical explanations for why women stay in abusive relationships is due to deficiency of knowledge. The rest is left up to your determination and commitment to see everything through. Sociologists differ in their comprehension of the idea, but the range suggests several significant commonalities. Some emerging studies suggest that the wellness benefits might be the very same for grape juice and wine. While it is quite problematic in some specific locations, in others it has affected a relatively modest proportion of the people. On the flip side, psychologists can handle the psychological and sociological problems, but are handcuffed when it has to do with treating the chemical or physical troubles. Among the aims of the sociological perspective is to demonstrate how deeply a man or woman is affected by society and its social forces, even if it comes to what may look like personal problems. Ethical theories and concepts are formulated to elaborate on the various ethical issues that might appear. Various things influence someone's lifestyle, behavior, relationship and a whole lot more. Watch the next video to find a good example of the way the sociological imagination is utilized to comprehend the matter of obesity. Another big rationale is economic dependency. Another aspect that propelled him to his present celebrity status is a result of his wide-ranging tweets. The Little-Known Secrets to Sociological Issues When you compose a social issue essay, it is crucial to demonstrate your private view of t he issue. Sociology can be a rather intricate subject, so you might want to get some dedicated assistance from the writers at (Company Name). To begin with, your essay is supposed to deal with a specific social, psychological or anthropological matter. If you would like to learn how to write excellent essays on sociology, just take the subsequent steps. Sociologists can expect strong competition because sociology is a well-known area of study with a comparatively modest number of positions. When carrying out studies within the area of Sociology everybody will approach the topics in distinct ways. One of the greatest approaches to study Sociology is through the interpretation and comprehension of current events within the field. Furthermore, countries that allow multiple political parties and absolutely free expression of speech have just one more issue in regards to tackling a few of the issues that plague its society. The circumstance is even direr when there is just one p arent. How another nation addresses the problems of a developing nation may influence its relationship with that nation and the remaining part of the world for many years to come. The root cause of social problems is due to unemployment, which is additionally a social problem itself. Even the very best writer on earth cannot compose a high-quality academic paper the evening before it's due. The chief reason why people, and a few athletes, think it's bad to protest is a result of how the athletes could potentially lose their endorsements. The problem is that all these of the players don't have anything to lose because they are frequently caught once they have entered professional sports, so they can't be punished as severely. In reality, the competition to receive a promotion can be fierce. Sociological Issues Explained Sociological imagination is the ability to shift from 1 perspective to another. Don't be worried about the originality.

Storytelling in Homer’s Odyssey Free Essays

Tall Tales Things need not have happened to be true. Tales and adventures are the shadow truths that will endure when mere facts are dust and ashes and forgotten. –Neil Gaiman The escapades of wily Odysseus are ingrained into the hearts of countless children. We will write a custom essay sample on Storytelling in Homer’s Odyssey or any similar topic only for you Order Now The bedtime story of one man’s journey home and the obstacles he faces along the way forever lives on in youthful imagination. Alas, a problem arises when mythology-loving children grow up. Vocabulary and comprehension matures slowly over time, and, at some point, the youth is ready to delve into the feast that is Homer’s unabridged poetry. As the reader devours book after book of The Odyssey, he or she finds comforting familiarity in the stories, the characters, and the monsters, but something is not quite right. While hearing of Odysseus’ adventures as a child, the action was spoken from the steady voice of a omnipresent narrator, but in Homer’s work, the poet often speaks through Odysseus as a storyteller recounting his glorious past. This is when the disillusioned youth comes to a devastating conclusion: Odysseus is a liar.Homer distances himself as the poet from the more fantastic tales that the reader recognizes from youth: the Lotus eaters, the Laestrygonians, the Cyclops, Scylla and Charybdis, Circe, Aeolus and the winds. All these wondrous tales are told from the deceitful, crafty mouth of Odysseus. To the Phaeacians, he is a illustrious adventurer ready for derring-do at all times. To the knowing Athena, he claims to be a Cretan fugitive. And to Eumaeus and Telemachus, he in all his craftiness asserts that he is (while still a Cretan) a beggar who fought alongside the great Odysseus on the Trojan shore.Odysseus adopts these facades for different motives, but the response to his stories are unanimously positive. Through his stories, Odysseus does not sacrifice his integrity, rather he gains honor. When the eager reader reaches Book IX, he or she reaches some of the most familiar events in Homer’s lore. Homer, through Odysseus’ account to the Phaecians, crafts some of the most thrilling action in the poem. Daring escapes, clever plans, and terrifying beasts are woven into a tapestry of wonder and enchantment. Yet for the great storyteller that he is, Odysseus s hesitant to relate his tale. â€Å"But now you wish to know my cause for sorrow / and thereby give me cause for more† (Homer 158). As exaggerated as the following account is, Odysseus seems to be truthful about his grief. Whether or not his men perished as he claims is not certain, but death was the end to their stories nonetheless. Odysseus honors the memory of these men by spinning a yarn so great that his men become immortal in his story. This does not, however, mean that he wishes to present his shipmates as faultless.He freely lays blame on the crew for releasing King Aeolus’ winds. By doing this, Odysseus proves his skill as a raconteur by showing man’s greedy nature and the consequences that are a result. Odysseus’ goal is not to raise himself up as the greatest of heroes either. He freely admits to his follies and to the deaths that heavy his heart with guilt. Odysseus confesses to his own human weaknesses saying, â€Å"Now, being a man, I could not help consenting† (189), when tempted by Circe to forgo his return home to Ithaca, putting his men in danger in the process.He even tells how one of his men, Eurylochus, blamed Odysseus for the death of his shipmates at the hands of the Cyclops, â€Å"That daring man! They died for his foolishness! † (190). He willingly admits to being overpowered by lust in the case of Circe, but he also tells of his tactical genius concerning the Sirens. Odysseus’ story is not a matter of boastfulness, rather a matter of honor, his own and that of his fallen comrades. Clearly, the Phaecians are satisfied with the narrative, â€Å"He ended it, and no one stirred or sighed / in the shadowy hall, spellbound as they all wereâ₠¬  (241). So impressed by the story and empathetic to Odysseus’ losses, in fact, that King Alcinous almost immediately loads his ship and has a Phaecian crew sail him back to Ithaca. The Phaecians are so entertained and enamored by Odysseus’ eloquence that they believe any word that flows from his lips, no matter how ludicrous. Odysseus does not set out to deceive his hosts, quite the opposite. When King Alcinous asks him to relate his travels, he does not want facts, he wants a story. After incurring the wrath of Poseidon one last time, Odysseus awakens on an Ithaca that he does not recognize thanks to Athena’s deviousness.When confront by the goddess in disguise, Odysseus â€Å".. . answered her / with read speech–not that he told the truth, / but, just as she did, held back what he knew, / weighing within himself at every step / what he made up to serve his turn† (250). After claiming to be a Cretan fleeing his homeland after murdering a courier, Athena reveals herself to her favorite Odysseus. Then, surprisingly, she does not chastise him for lying, instead she praises him for his gift of deception, â€Å"Whoever gets around you must be sharp / and guileful as a snake; even a god / might bow to you in ways of dissimulation. You! You chameleon! † (251). Athena is not condoning Odysseus deceit, she is commending him. This prioritization of wit and cleverness over straight honesty is harder for modern readers to fully grasp than it would have been for the Greeks hearing the lovely recitation. Using the guise of a Cretan once more (fittingly because as the famous Cretan Epimenides once said, â€Å"All Cretans are liars,†) Odysseus tests the swineherd’s, Eumaeus’, loyalty and hospitality.Odysseus hints that Eumaeus’ master may be closer than he expects (263). In direct contrast to the Phaecians response, Eumaeus does not let himself believe the words of the stranger, how ever silver-tongued he may be. Eumaeus responds to the hidden Odysseus’ message of hope with pessimism concerning lonely Penelope, old Laertes, and absent Telemachus. In the manner of Greek hospitality, Odysseus and Eumaeus share a meal, wine, and stories, and while Eumaeus’ origin may not be as mythic as Odysseus, who is to say it is factual?His background is shared gracefully enough that even the esteemed Odysseus complements Eumaeus’ skill, â€Å"That was a fine story, and well told, / not a word out of place, not a pointless word† (275). When Tele machus returns, Odysseus carries on his charade. In the guise of a old beggar, Odysseus tests Telemachus’ valor saying, â€Å"If my heart were as young as yours, if I were / son to Odysseus, or the man himself, / I’d rather have my head cut from my shoulders / then to suffer the pestilence that is the suitors† (304). In rebuttal to this harsh insult, Telemachus explains that Odysseus left him too young to prevent the suitors from swarming to Penelope. It is then that Athena deems it time to reveal Odysseus’ true form. This revelation and reunion is not only touching, but it also fills Telemachus with a pride and hunger to face the suitors. Odysseus disguised himself on Ithaca for almost four days before enacting revenge on the suitors who dishonor his home. Why would he wait so long? Why not burst through the doors right away and start cutting down men one by one?Odysseus never claims to be the strongest, the boldest, or even the bravest, but everyone knows that Odysseus is the wiliest. It is Odysseus, the master tactician and master of disguise, not a rage-filled berserker that reclaims his throne. It is safe to assume that Odysseus’ stories are not factual, but that in no way justifies the statement, â€Å"Odysseus is a liar. † His purpose in the story to the Phaecians is not to recount his travels verbatim, rather he only wishes to convey the bravery of his men and the sadness in his heart. By the end of his tale, the hall is silent with grief.His reason for acting as a Cretan outlaw is not treachery, but an exercise in his great skill. He hides himself to his friends and family not out of malice, but so his intellectual stratagem banishes the suitors to Hades, not brute strength. Odysseus’s slyness and wit are to be admired, not admonished. When he announces his identity to the Phaecians, he does not cite his brute strength or skill in warfare as his gifts. He exclaims proudly, â€Å"I am Laertes’ son, Odysseus / Men hold me formidable for guile in peace and war: / this fame has gone abroad to the sky’s rim† (158). While heroes such as Achilles and Heracles establish their place in legend and eternity among Elysian fields with force and passion, Odysseus forever immortalized himself in the epics of the Ancients and the storybooks of children because of he is a â€Å"man of twists and turns† who knows how to tell a good story.Works Cited Gaiman, Neil. The Sandman Vol. 3: Dream Country. New York, New York: DC Comics, 1991. Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. Garden City, New York: Doubleday ; Company, 1992. How to cite Storytelling in Homer’s Odyssey, Papers

The Success Of Andrew Lloyd Webber Essays - Cancer Survivors

The Success Of Andrew Lloyd Webber Musical theatre is a very difficult profession in which to make a living. Most composers of musicals only create one good musical and are unable to create any more. Not Andrew Lloyd Webber! He is not like any of those composers. Andrew Lloyd Webber is a successful composer due to his variety of appeal to diverse audiences. Andrew Lloyd Webber is an English composer who used rock-based compositions to revitalize British and American musical theatre in the late 20th century. Lloyd Webber has had many great hits during his career. He has won numerous awards for his works. Due to his talent, Andrew Lloyd Webber has been asked by many professional soloists and groups to compose music for them. These qualities of Andrew Lloyd Webber prove that he is a truly successful composer. Andrew Lloyd Webber has composed a lot of fantastic musicals. Critics have even appreciated Andrew Lloyd Webber, which isnt a very common thing to happen. David Lister remarks that Lloyd Webber received this compliment due to his composition, The Beautiful Game. It is not the only show Lloyd Webber has that has been popular. Andrew Lloyd Webber composed Cats, A Chorus Line, Jesus Christ Superstar, Evita, Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, and The Phantom of the Opera. Cats has by far been his most loved musical because of its long running of high audience attendance. According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, Cats is the longest running musical in American Theatre history on Broadway. Andrew Lloyd Webber surpassed his own A Chorus Line with Cats, which put on more than 6,000 shows on Broadway. Cats is also the only show to break 7,000 shows on Londons West End with 7,301. Andrew Lloyd Webber has also shown that he is a successful composer by the abundance of trophies in his trophy room. His latest work, The Beautiful Game, received the title Best Musical by the Critics Circle claims Lister. It was great to get that, says Lloyd Webber, there were about 30 shows that opened around the same time that The Beautiful Game opened. In 1997, Lloyd Webber won a Golden Globe and an Academy Award for Best Original Song, You Must Love Me, from Evita. He has also won a total of six Grammys, five Laurence Oliver awards, four Tonys, four Drama Desk Awards, and since he is only the second composer ever to have three different shows running in two countries, he received the American Society of Composers, Authors, Triple Play Award for Creative Achievement by Bnoi Brith in New York. These numerous awards are one reason why Andrew Lloyd Webber is a great composer. Lloyd Webber has been asked by countless famous professional artists and groups as well as organizations to compose songs for them. Menet's Jellicle Haven states that over 150 artists have performed Lloyd Webbers song, Memory, from Cats. Menet goes on to say that a few of those entertainers that performed Memory include Barbara Streisand, Johnny Mathis, and Judy Collins, to The Boston Pops and Liberace. Barry Manilow actually placed the song in the top 40 in the United States. A techno/dance version topped the European charts when Natalie Grant, a European singer, sang it last year. Evita was another big success of Lloyd Webber in which had many big names stared in. Madonna portrayed Evita Peron, and Antonio Banderas was cast as Che, the narrator. Antonio Banderas also performed as the Phantom during the Phantom of the Opera portion at Lloyd Webbers 50th birthday gala at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Not only has Andrew Lloyd Webber composed music personally for artists and groups , but he also composed music for the 1998 Winter Olympics held in Japan. Lloyd Webbers song, When Children Rule the World, was sung by Japanese Singer Ryoko Moriyama and 150 Nagano children during the opening ceremonies in front of 50,000 people including Emperor Akihito. With all of these professional artists asking Andrew Lloyd Webber to compose music for them or them performing his music shows that Lloyd Webber must be a good composer whos music loved by many people. Each one of Andrew Lloyd Webbers musicals is about different topics so they will

The purpose of this lab activity was to measure anaerobic power per unit of time

The purpose of this lab activity was to measure anaerobic power per unit of time. This has to do with the muscular strength of the body and the rate the body utilizes ATP and the anaerobic glycolysis system. The Wingate test is performed by a warm up period of two to three minutes followed by a resting period of one to two minutes. Continuing the test after the resting period the performer peddles as fast as he/she can for five seconds. Then the resistance (calculated by performer's weight divided by 2.205 equaling performers Kilogram Weight multiplied by .075) is added and the peddling remains for 30 second at full speed while the data is taken. The data is taken by additional subjects counting the number of pedal rotations throughout the 30 seconds. This is how the power output is measured for the quadriceps muscles. The main point for the test is that the subject must remain at maximal speed for the entire 30 seconds. This test is useful for any type of athlete who is trying to improve muscle strength to maintain or gain speed and power. As one looks at the percentile charts of norms, he/she can evaluate his or herself among other athletes. This chart is useful because it is a starting point for training and improving the strength needed to endure and gain muscle strength. As compared with the percentile of norms the data calculated for me the performer, peak 5-second was 1023.55 which is average for a conditioned athlete. For Anaerobic capacity my percentage of 800.42001, which is exceptional by comparison to the percentile of norms, equals the power output of the muscle over the 30-seconds. Finally, the fatigue index which reflects the muscles ability to resist fatigue, which my percentage equaled 53.33, was at a low resistance to muscle fatigue. In conclusion to the results of the Wingate anaerobic test, I found out that this test is not exactly the preferred test of

The Colombia-Peru War of 1932

The Colombia-Peru War of 1932 The Colombia-Peru War of 1932: For several months in 1932-1933, Peru and Colombia went to war over disputed territory deep in the Amazon basin. Also known as â€Å"the Leticia Dispute,† the war was fought with men, river gunboats and airplanes in the steamy jungles on the banks of the Amazon River. The war began with an unruly raid and ended with a stalemate and a peace deal brokered by the League of Nations. The Jungle Opens Up: In the years just before World War One, the various republics of South America began expanding inland, exploring jungles that had previously only been home to ageless tribes or unexplored by man. Not surprisingly, it was soon determined that the different nations of South America all had different claims, many of which overlapped. One of the most contentious areas was the region around the Amazon, Napo, Putumayo and Araporis Rivers, where overlapping claims by Ecuador, Peru and Colombia seemed to predict an eventual conflict. The Salomà ³n-Lozano Treaty: As early as 1911, Colombian and Peruvian forces had skirmished over prime lands along the Amazon River. After over a decade of fighting, the two nations signed the Salomà ³n-Lozano Treaty on March 24, 1922. Both countries came out winners: Colombia gained the valuable river port of Leticia, located where the Javary River meets the Amazon. In return, Colombia relinquished its claim to a stretch of land south of the Putumayo River. This land was also claimed by Ecuador, which at the time was very weak militarily. The Peruvians felt confident that they could push Ecuador off of the disputed territory. Many Peruvians were unhappy with the treaty, however, as they felt Leticia was rightly theirs. The Leticia Dispute: On September 1, 1932 two hundred armed Peruvians attacked and captured Leticia. Of these men, only 35 were actual soldiers: the rest were civilians mostly armed with hunting rifles. The shocked Colombians did not put up a fight, and the 18 Colombian national policemen were told to leave. The expedition was supported from the Peruvian river port of Iquitos. It’s unclear whether or not the Peruvian government ordered the action: Peruvian leaders initially disavowed the attack, but later went to war without hesitation. War in the Amazon: After this initial attack, both nations scrambled to get their troops into place. Although Colombia and Peru had comparable military strength at the time, they both had the same problem: the area in dispute was extremely remote and getting any sort of troops, ships or airplanes there would be a problem. Sending troops from Lima to the contested zone took over two weeks and involved trains, trucks, mules, canoes and riverboats. From Bogota, troops would have to travel 620 miles across grasslands, over mountains and through dense jungles. Colombia did have the advantage of being much closer to Leticia by sea: Colombian ships could steam to Brazil and head up the Amazon from there. Both nations had amphibious airplanes that could bring in soldiers and arms a little at a time. The Fight for Tarapac: Peru acted first, sending troops from Lima. These men captured the Colombian port town of Tarapac in late 1932. Meanwhile, Colombia was preparing a large expedition. The Colombians had bought two warships in France: the Mosquera and Cà ³rdoba. These sailed for the Amazon, where they met up with a small Colombian fleet including the river gunship Barranquilla. There were also transports with 800 soldiers on board. The fleet sailed up the river and arrived at the war zone in February of 1933. There they met up with a handful of Colombian float planes, rigged out for war. They attacked the town of Tarapac on February 14-15. Hugely outgunned, the 100 or so Peruvian soldiers there quickly surrendered. The Attack on Gà ¼eppi: The Colombians next decided to take the town of Gà ¼eppi. Again, a handful of Peruvian airplanes based out of Iquitos tried to stop them, but the bombs they dropped missed. The Colombian river gunboats were able to get into position and bombard the town on the might of March 25, 1933, and the amphibious aircraft dropped some bombs on the town as well. The Colombian soldiers went ashore and took the town: the Peruvians retreated. Gà ¼eppi was the most intense battle of the war so far: 10 Peruvians were killed, two more were injured and 24 were captured: the Colombians lost five men killed and nine wounded. Politics Intervenes: On April 30, 1933, Peruvian President Luà ­s Snchez Cerro was assassinated. His replacement, General Oscar Benavides, was less keen to continue the war with Colombia. He was, in fact, personal friends with Alfonso Là ³pez, President-elect of Colombia. Meanwhile, the League of Nations had gotten involved and was working hard to work out a peace agreement. Just as the forces in the Amazon were getting ready for a large battle - which would have pitted the 800 or so Colombian regulars moving along the river against the 650 or so Peruvians dug in at Puerto Arturo - the League brokered a cease-fire agreement. On May 24, the cease-fire went into effect, ending the hostilities in the region. Aftermath of the Leticia Incident: Peru found itself with the slightly weaker hand at the bargaining table: they had signed the 1922 treaty giving Leticia to Colombia, and although they now matched Colombias strength in the area in terms of men and river gunboats, the Colombians had better air support. Peru backed off its claim to Leticia. A League of Nations presence was stationed in the town for a while, and they transferred ownership back to Colombia officially on June 19, 1934. Today, Leticia still belongs to Colombia: it is a sleepy little jungle town and an important port on the Amazon River. The Peruvian and Brazilian borders are not far away. The Colombia-Peru war marked some important firsts. It was the first time that the League of Nations, a precursor to the United Nations, got actively involved in brokering a peace between two nations in conflict. The League had never before taken control over any territory, which it did while details of a peace agreement were worked out. Also, this was the first conflict in South America in which air support played a vital role. Colombias amphibious air force was instrumental in its successful attempt to reclaim its lost territory. The Colombia-Peru War and the Leticia incident are not terribly important historically. Relations between the two countries normalized pretty quickly after the conflict. In Colombia, it had the effect of making the liberals and conservatives put aside their political differences for a little while and unite in the face of a common enemy, but it didnt last. Neither nation celebrates any dates associated with it: its safe to say that most Colombians and Peruvians have forgotten that it ever happened. Sources: Santos Molano, Enrique. Colombia dà ­a a dà ­a: una cronologà ­a de 15,000 aà ±os. Bogot: Editorial Planeta Colombiana S.A., 2009. Scheina, Robert L. Latin Americas Wars: the Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900-2001. Washington D.C.: Brassey, Inc., 2003.

Major Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Major Paper - Essay Example It all began with a group of girls who were exhibiting strange behavior. When doctors were unable to explain their behavior, the people of Salem began to panic and quickly assumed their behavior to be indicative of the devil’s presence. This small town’s hysteria resulted in the deaths of dozens of individuals. Sadly, many formal accounts of history have not even kept thorough record of all those who died, having been sentenced by the courts of the times to mostly, cruel and unusual forms of execution. This is but one recount of important, historical events which can teach us today; how not to repeat our mistakes. American literature which I have covered in my recent literature class, proved to be much more exciting and engrossing than I could have ever imagined! I recently read Edgar Allen Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado which is a gothic, fictional classic! Incidentally, the short work by Poe is not lengthy at all, it was actually a quick read and therefore got strait to the point. Poe’s works are classic examples of an authro who depicts a strong sense of duality throughout his works. There is always the normal or the protagonist if you will, in Poe’s work; foiled against the dark side represented usually by either the same character or a very similar character. Poe is genious at illustrating the good and evil lingering in everyone. Similarly, I found the reading of Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving to be nothing short of brilliant! The fairytale styling of the work is entirely fictional but at the end, one can derive the ‘take home message’ that our past does come back to haunt us. This is exactly why Early American history was so educational for me, as I realized that even today, the facts of the past help to inform us as to what can occur when costly mistakes and misjudgments are made.

Personal statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 13

Personal statement - Essay Example I for my part was very interested in the area, so I enjoyed those times very much. The break in studies was mainly intended to find my strength and weaknesses and thereby, identify the field that best suited my aptitude. I had always wanted to work before going in for higher studies. The break has indeed been the most defining time of my life. The experiences in various areas of human interaction have significantly influenced my perspective towards issues and factors which were hitherto considered of low merit. In 2003, I first worked with Ymed Sysems Inc. which market medical equipment and provide medical services. Working with the company made me realize that being professional and being a salesman are two different things. To advance in life, I needed to acquire more knowledge. Though I started reading books on different areas of business, I realized that higher degree would equip me with better knowledge. After two years’ working with the company, I finally knew that economics is the field for me. I am interested in knowing how and what makes business succeed in the highly competitive global environment. Though I had made tentative decisions about my future, I enrolled for military service. The next two years in military had further strengthened my belief that America is the place to realize one’s dream. I knew that America is a land of opportunities and pursuing higher education from prestigious academia like this education would greatly facilitate in realizing my dreams of becoming a successful professional in the field business management. Since 2008, I have been studying in America. I have been attending English, economics, accounting, and mathematics classes, which will become the cornerstone for more profound study in Santa Barbara City College. The classroom sessions have taught me how theories are applied in real life situations. The two years in

Analysing Personal Development as a Strategic Manager

Analysing Personal Development as a Strategic Manager Management and leadership skills are needed in every industry and every walk of life. Therefore it is essential for new managers to learn the leadership skills as well as manager skills to perform effectively and efficiently. In this assignment, I investigate what leadership skills required by a manager. My chosen business is Tesco, which is UK biggest retailer and I have been able to investigate these issues by referring to related books and some internet resources. The focus of this assignment is to find which leadership skills required are by Tesco from their manager and how Tesco developed these skills in their managers. The results of this study show that if managers have good leadership skills then managers are ready to lead their team and organisations toward their goals. Introduction Management is a group of individuals taking decisions about how a business is run and also perform some duties like problem solving, decision making, planning, meeting, team management, delegation, and personal development. Despite similarities in the general activities of management, the job roles of individual managers differ widely and the work of manager is varied and fragmented according to business needs and depends on their abilities. The word management evokes power. A negative impact can be caused by having one person superior to every one else, such as a president would take the decision to go to war, even though nobody would be happy with that idea. Now we can see there are different approaches to solve the problems adopt by the managers and the leaders. However the aim of all these approaches is to turn negative thinking into positive. Management is the process of getting work done effectively and efficiently with and through other people and choose the best way which is in the best interest of the organisation and for the team. 21st century management is not business management. It is particularly important for the growth sector of a developed society and Management is the specific and distinguishing organ of any and all organisations. (Drucker, 1999) What is Manager? In any organisation, an individual who is in charge of a certain group of people, tasks or a certain department is called manager. A manager often has a group of people who take orders and give the report to him or her. As an example, a restaurant will have a manager who helps the customers and supervises the hosts as well. Managers designate according to the nature of the department within the company and they can be line managers, store managers or area managers depending upon the functionality of the department. Early in the history of management manager was defined as someone who is responsible for the work of other peoples. (Drucker, 1999) According to Mullins, a manager should be strategically aware and appreciate the origins and nature of change. They should developed themselves and be competent to deal effectively with the problems which represent opportunities and threats to the environment, the organisations culture and values, and the resources of the organisation (Mullins , 1999). Kanter states that Managers also have to be specialists in ambiguity with the ability to cope with conflicting and unclear requirements. (Kanter, 1984) Roles/Duties of Mangers within the Organisation Managers carry out their work on a daily basis and perform different roles/duties according to the situations. A single word to describe all these features would be chaos. (Peters, 1988) Managers have the both duties to manage themselves as well as their subordinates. So here under some of roles/duties of the managers which they perform everyday. Getting things done. Set the daily targets. Planning ahead. Maintaining momentum and making thinks happen. Reacting to demands and request. Communication and decision making. Dealing with customers and staff. Deal with different situations as they arise. Follow the health and safety procedure. Styles of Management and Required Skills We see above the different roles/duties of managers and now we will see various management styles and how managers are functioning in these styles. There are usually five different styles in which a manager may apply leadership attributes to operate effectively at strategic level and keep the team running in businesses. Which are as follows? Democratic Autocratic Paternalistic Laissez-faire Consultative Democratic In this style, manager invites employees to take part in the process of decision-making therefore everything is agreed by the majority. The communication is in both directions from subordinates to leaders and vice-versa. This style can be very useful when crucial decision need to be made which need more attention than others. For example, when a new ICT system needs to be put in place and the upper management of the business is computer-illiterate. In democratic style decision making process is slow but the quality of work improves and makes the best decision for the business. Autocratic An Autocratic or strict manager makes all the decisions, keeping the information and decision making among the senior management. Managers set objectives and tasks for the team and they exactly do as they are told to do. The communication in this style is mainly from leader to the subordinate. According to the critics, this style of management decreases the motivation in the employees. The main advantage of this style is that business looks well managed and the decisions will all be similar but the disadvantage is that subordinates may become highly dependent upon the leaders and supervision may needed all the time. Paternalistic Paternalistic style is good for the welfare and motivation of employees. However managers make the decisions in the best interest of the employees rather than the business. The leader explains most decisions to the employees and ensures that their social and leisure needs are always met. Communication is again downwards but this style is highly advantageous because in this staff looks happier and give their best for the business and the disadvantage is Employees may feel valued but frustrated because there is little scope for decision making. Laissez-faire In a Laissez-faire style, the manager role is secondary and the subordinates are free to make decisions and manage their own areas of the business. The communication move in this style is horizontal, meaning that it is equal in both directions, however very little communication occurs in comparison with other styles. This style is only successful if the team is professional and expert in their areas otherwise may lead to chaos without the involvement of the management. Regular communication and feedback is required for this style of work. Consultative There are two Consultative leadership styles; the first involves the leader sharing the problems with the relevant team members individually getting their ideas and suggestions without bringing them together as a group. Then the leader makes the decision that may or may not reflect the team member influence. The second style is similar but in this leader gets the suggestions from the group of team members and on the basis of these suggestions comes to the decision. (www.thetimes100.co.uk) What is Leadership? Leadership requires a person not to lead a different set of people in an organisation but influence and motivate them. Therefore, the term dictates a person to be followed and respected by others and for these followers to find a way through leadership to express their selves with more exuberance (Heifetz, 1994). Leadership definition according to Northouse is that leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. (Northouse, 2006) It is concerned that how leaders put their influence on followers. The basic of leadership is influence and without put any affect leadership does not exist. The Distinction between Management and Leadership Managers have to be leaders but leaders are often, but not always managers. But the distinction can be made between the process of management and leadership. What is the difference between management and leadership? It is a question that has been asked more than once and also answered in different ways. This is the same as saying that they are working for two different purposes. The easy way to understand the difference is that leadership make the new directions and the manager executes the existing directions as efficiently as possible. The other difference between managers and leaders is that leaders motivate the people who work or follow them and on the other hand managers have subordinates and they work for them but not follow them. Managers normally set the task for their team members and the team do what they are told to do so. But the manager work is not just the monitoring of everyday operations but its also includes handle the complex situations and take decision according t o these situations. Unfortunately, management is mistakenly seen as task-oriented, controlling and insensitive to peoples needs. By contrast, leaders are portrayed as emotionally engaging, visionary and inspiring. An inspiring leader induces us to change direction while an inspiring manager motivates us to work harder to get a tough job done on time. (Armstrong, 2008) What Leadership Skills are required by Manager to Perform Effectively? To manage effectively, an individual requires many skills and various personal qualities for successful completion of their objectives. The quality and the skills together make the management style of the individual and the style directly affect the final outcome of the task completion. As a manager, there are a lot of leadership skills that need to be required by a manager to effectively operate at strategic level. According to the Pedler et al (1986) these are the following leadership skills or attributes that should be possessed by a successful manager and broadly these are: Interpersonal skills Delegation Analytical Problem solver Communication ability Decision making Innovative Influential Providing direction Facilitating change The above mentioned leadership skills is very essential for any manager to perform effectively and successful companies are built by good managers and expert leaders and managers skills play a vital role for the success of the company and most successful companies have the best managers at the business whether they be traditional or internet based companies. Now I would like to discuss some important manager skills which are required by Tesco Company as an example and how their managers use their skills to make the Tesco top retailer in the United Kingdom. History Tesco is a UK-owned supermarket company with revenue of  £47 billion (about  £33 billion in the UK) Tesco is the largest British retailer and is also the worlds third largest grocery retailer with outlets across Europe, USA and Asia. In 1919 Jack Cohen founded Tesco when he began to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London.The company has recently opened stores in all over the world and this is the part of the plan to expand and grow their business all over the world. (Talking Tesco, 2009) What Leadership Skills Tesco Mangers required? A good combination of Tesco management has seen that their company rises above its competitors and dominate the UK market. Tesco management has good criteria about appointing their manager. They have a good system to develop their skills and continuous development plan are other components in the success of Tesco strategic management. So given below are some of the leadership skills which a Tesco manager is required to perform effectively and efficiently. Interpersonal Skills Good interpersonal skills are essential for any organization managers. For example in Tesco stores all the team members has easy access to their managers and can easily speak what they feel or if they have any problem. Delegation Delegation is another important leadership skill which a manager should have to work effectively. Delegation should be applied using the SMART principles. Where SAMART stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time. In Tesco stores managers is pass out all the information they have to their team members and all of them knows what they expect from them. Analytical Tesco is progressing so fast because their managers analyse the key issue in the market properly and act according to them. For example keep an eye on the prices of their competitors and change them accordingly and in this way you dont lose your customer. Problem Solver Tesco management gives advanced training to their managers to handle the difficult situations and find the best solutions which are according to the legislation and regulations of the company. Communication Ability This skill involves the ability to transmit messages, thoughts, and information and so on by talking, writing etc. Good communication is required within the workplace so that employer and its employees can maintain good working relationship. For example in Tesco when any internal vacancy available then manager have to communicate to the staff first by advertising, by oral communication or through monthly staff meeting. Managing Team This skill shows how manager make plan to manage their teams according to the need of the business and this activity in Tesco consists of designing Rota for each employee and make sure that overtimes and covering for someone who is not available are taken in consideration. Decision making Managers should have the ability to make decisions like leaders and this skill is the one which creates the difference between the effective management and standard management. In Tesco stores mostly decision made by managers and its good for the business because manager work closely with their team and customers and know better than the others who just sitting in the office. Innovative Innovation is very important for the growth of the business and Tesco manager are well aware of these. They try new ideas in the business like the idea of self checkout machines which is very beneficial and through these you can easily increase your sales and customer waiting time is reduced as well. Managing Change In order to become a market leader Tesco managers make sure that they are aware of the changes happening in the market. For example changes in consumer taste, trends and keep an eye on their competitors for counter-act. Achieving Results Managers should have the skill of goal achiever and finish the daily operational task within the given time and this way they can check performance of their team. Performance Focus Tesco manager check their staff performance on monthly or some time on quarterly basis and review their performance and give them a training to improve their effectiveness. Customer Focus In retail business mostly too much focus on customer care and for this they adopt different way to get the customer review about their services or about their products. Providing Direction Tesco have the objective to maximize their profit and for that they give their manager special training that how their manager move their team in right direction which is achieve this target and everybody of their team know what they expect from them. Risk Assessment Managers should be able to do risk assessment on their work place. Manager can calculate the risk by the help of these five steps: Firstly identify the hazards and work out how people could be harmed. Think you might be harmed and how? Evaluate the risks and decide on which precautions you adopt. Record your findings and make a plan to implement them and share with your staff. Review your risk assessment and update if necessary. You can calculate risk assessment by this simple formula Risk = Severity x Likelihood and can record the assessment by help of 3 x 3 matrix (see in appendix 1, page 20) With the help of this chart you can record your risk and make plan for health and safety. (Rowlings, 2010) To conclude, Tesco managers are well equipped with leadership skills which described above and they are very successful in their jobs role and Tesco become the leader of the UK market. Without the presence of these skills managers could be failing and will not be as effective as others, and the business will eventually fail if there is no action taken to develop these skills. After this the next step is personal gap analysis and personal development plan of the manager and its show the clear picture of where they are stand and what steps they need to take to get the desired outcomes. Personal Gap Analysis Gap analysis helps individuals and businesses to achieve their objectives and improve their performance. It is a simple but very effective tool to find the ways between actual and the desired goals or objectives. Successful organisations use this tool for the development of their employees and to identify the area of improvement. Gap analysis begins by asking you two simple questions: (Rowlings, 2010) Where are you now? Where do you want to be? By answering these questions you can easily make personal development plan and the action plan to achieve desired outcome or goal. Personal Development Plan Personal skills development plan is very necessary for any manager to perform effectively. By the audit of your personal skills development plan you can easily know your areas of strength and the areas where you need more training. On the basis of these outcomes you can make your action plan for the future. So as an example I will analyse Tesco store manager Paul Holloway. He is managing the Tesco store at Wolverton for last 8 months and has worked for the company last 23 years in various roles across the country and here is his personal skills audit and personal development plan. Personal Skills Audit and Personal Development Plan Of Paul Holloway Wolverton Tesco Store Manager SKILLS DESCRIPITON Score 1-5 (5 highest ) Communication and literacy skills I am good in communication with my team and team members easily follow me what I want to say. I also have good relation with the customer and its possible by the communication skill 4 Group interpersonal skills ( working with others) I have plenty of experience of working as part of a team and very efficient member of a group. I always try to make positive impact on others and decision which I make depend on the consultation with team and get everybody suggestion to make final decision. I am quite good to welcome to new people and easily adjust with them. 4 Organizational personal skills independent learning and working I am self motivated person and I can plan and schedule the work as I choose. Although I do my best which is best interest of the organization and my team. 3 Research problem solving skills I take problems as a challenges Rather than major obstacles. I discuss with my team and choose the best process to solve the problem and make the plan that ensures that we will not face it in the future. 3 ICT skills I am confident to use the latest technology equipment and good in handling machinery. I use the internet for research and also make contact with my colleagues and top management. 4 Enterprise management skills I try to manage the strategic direction of the whole store and try to keep it on track by making daily basis action plan and review these regularly. 3 Action Plan for Personal Development Plan Outcomes Of Paul Holloway Wolverton Tesco Store Manager ACTION RESOURCES WHEN Promote equality and diversity in my workplace Join the local community centre or some learning organizations to find out more about equality and diversity. Within 3 months Promote the use of technology in my business Promote myself and team members to get training about the new technology. Within 3 months Lead change within my organization Take leadership training course or attend the seminars about change and they implement with in the organization. Within 6 months Develop a strategic plan Try to do more e-learning about the business plan and get the skills required to put plan in the business. Within 2 months Put the business plan into action Implement the business plan and monitor at regular intervals. Within 6 months Having carried out this personal skills audit, we are able to identify the areas where he is strong and where he needs more training and development to operate effectively in these departments. So he can easily make his action plan for the personal development plan outcomes. By these assessments leaders know where they stand and take the best route to achieve their goals. It is also the first step towards their personal and professional development process required to become a strategic leader. Conclusion According to the findings leadership skills of Tesco management is playing a vital role in their success. Tesco is a successful UK organisation and over the past five years their market shares is increased and setup some new retail units as well. This has been achieved by their good management department skills that are playing a major part in their success. Leading is just as important to Tesco as other functions of the management, because Tesco spent too much on their managers training to develop their leadership skills. In other words leading can be directly linked to corporate image in the sense that whatever employees or their managers do is perceived by customers and the local community as their organisational culture. Therefore, if employees are very helpful towards customers it will lead to delight customers and delight customers leads to success of the organisation. Tesco managers have good interpersonal and communicational skills which will create a friendly environment whe re employees will feel free and happy to work and also raise the performance of Tesco and help the company to achieve their objectives. Management of Tesco are doing their best to make their company at the highest position. I have noticed that the role of a manager is very complex and broad. The manager has to try to bring harmony and peace while working in the organisation. Mostly people make a common mistake about the manger is that they must be loud, and a great drinker or a great something social to draw people to them. This is wrong, if you look in any company structure, you will find quiet modest people who manage teams with great personal success. If you are modest and all you need is to talk clearly to the people. The great managers are the ones who accept challenges and who are ready to lead their teams towards a personal vision. According to research, currently in the UK business market only one in five managers is professionally qualified and strong demand for managers who got the leadership skills is growing within the businesses. It is very important for individuals who are in position of great responsibility to be able to play both roles. The person who cannot manage will destroy an organisation just as well as the one who dont know how to lead. But the people who have both skills are on the path to success.

Acc 490 Week 4 Individual Assignment

The trends show a significant increase in the inventory turn days, an increase in the gross margin for the best result for the four year period, and an improved collection time. c. 7. 84 days Tolerable misstatement ? cogs x 365 = 45 ? 1859 x 365 = 7. 84 d. 20Ãâ€"5 has significant changes with the combined decrease to purchases with an increase in the gross margin which increased by 52. 4%. Inventory turn days increased to 199 days from 183 days. When you combine this result with the expectation range of 7. 4 days, the result is significant and shows what could be a potential overstatement of inventory from a possible error in calculations or fraudulent financial reporting. 10-32 a. a. Control Environment. b. Control activities: Controls over management discretion in financial reporting. c. Control activities: Information processing controls: Computer general controls. d. Monitoring. e. Risk Assessment. f. Control Environment. g. Control activities: Information processing controls: C omputer general controls. h. Control activities: Information processing controls: Computer application controls. i. Control activities: Performance reviews. j. Control activities: Information processing controls: Computer application controls. k. Monitoring. l. Information and communication. m. Risk assessment. n. Control activities: Information processing controls: Controls over the financial reporting process. b. a. Common impact. b. Valuation or Allocation c. All assertions d. Completeness, Existence or occurrence. e. Common impact f. All assertions g. All any assertion . Completeness i. Valuation or Allocation, Completeness, Existence or occurrence j. Existence or occurrence k. Existence or occurrence l. All assertions m. All assertions n. All assertions 11-21 a. The reasons an auditor may assess control risk at the maximum level for one or more assertions embodied in an account balance include controls that are unlikely to relate to an assertion, controls are unlikely to be effective, and it would not be ef ficient for the auditor to evaluate the effectiveness of the controls of the entity. b. In order for an auditor to support assessing control risk at less than the maximum level when the auditor has determined that the controls have been placed into operation include a few issues. One is that the auditor needs to identify the specific controls that will affect specific financial statement assertions. Another involves the auditor performing tests of controls in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan and operation of said controls that prevent or detect any misstatements of material of financial statement assertions. The final issue is that the auditor needs to determine the assessed level of control risk. c. There are things that an auditor needs to consider when seeking a further reduction in the planned assessed level of control risk including if additional tests of controls will give additional needed evidence, and if it will be effective to the additional tests of controls. d. The auditor’s documentation requirements concerning an entity’s system of internal controls along with assessing the level of control risk include having the auditor document the basic requirements involving the systems of internal controls of the entity and assessing their levels of control risks. An auditor also needs to document the basic understanding of the risk assessment along with the control environment, monitoring, and information and communication. An auditor is also required to document the assessment of the level of control risk for all significant financial statement assertions along with the control risk that is assessed at the maximum level. Documentation of the workplace needs to include a description of the tests of controls that the auditor has completed, the results obtained from those findings with the deficiencies noted, the evaluation of the auditor as to the effectiveness of the controls, and the effect on the timing, nature, and extent of the substantive audit procedures.

What Are Secondary Sources in Research

In contrast to primary sources in  research  activities, secondary sources consist of information that has been gathered and often interpreted by other researchers and recorded in books, articles, and other publications.   In her  Handbook of Research Methods,  Natalie L. Sproull  points out that secondary sources are  not necessarily worse than primary sources and can be quite valuable. A secondary source may include more information about more aspects of the event than did a primary source. Most often though, secondary sources act as a way to keep up with or discuss progress in a field of study, wherein a writer may use anothers observations on a topic to summarize his or her own viewpoints on the matter to progress the discourse further. The Difference Between Primary and Secondary Data In the hierarchy of the relevance of the evidence to an argument, primary sources like original documents and first-hand accounts of events provide the strongest support to any given claim. By contrast, secondary sources provide a type of back-up to their primary counterparts. To help explain this difference, Ruth Finnegan distinguishes primary sources as forming the basic and original material for providing the researchers raw evidence in her 2006 article Using Documents. Secondary sources, while still highly useful, are written by someone else after an event or about a document and can therefore only serve the purpose of furthering an argument if the source has credibility in the field. Some, therefore, argue that secondary data is neither better nor worse than primary sources—its simply different. Scot Ober discusses this concept in Fundamentals of Contemporary Business Communication, saying the source of the data is not as important as its quality and its relevance for your particular purpose. Advantages and Disadvantages of Secondary Data Secondary sources also provide advantages unique from primary sources, but Ober posits that the major ones are economic saying that using secondary data is less costly and time-consuming than collecting primary data. Still, secondary sources can also provide hindsight to historical events, providing the context and missing pieces of narratives by relating each event to others happening nearby at the same time. In terms of evaluations of documents and texts, secondary sources offer unique perspectives like historians have on the impact of bills such as the Magna Carta and the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution. However, Ober warns researchers that secondary sources also come with their fair share of disadvantages including quality and scarcity of sufficient secondary data, going so far as to say never use any data before you have evaluated its appropriateness for the intended purpose. A researcher must, therefore, vet the qualifications of the secondary source as it relates to the topic—for instance, a plumber writing an article about grammar may not be the most credible resource, whereas an English teacher would be more qualified to comment on the subject.

Conjugation Table for the Italian Verb Cominciare